Campania occupies the southwestern coast of Italy, stretching from the volcanic slopes of Mount Vesuvius near Naples down to the Cilento peninsula. This ancient wine region encompasses diverse terrain from coastal plains to mountainous inland areas, with winemaking traditions dating back to Greek colonization in the 8th century BC. The region's wine production centers around the provinces of Avellino, Benevento, and Salerno, where indigenous grape varieties have adapted to local microclimates over millennia.

The region's volcanic soils, particularly around Vesuvius and in the Irpinia hills, provide exceptional drainage and mineral complexity. Campania's Mediterranean climate features hot, dry summers moderated by coastal breezes and elevation in higher vineyard sites. Key appellations include Taurasi DOCG for red wines, Greco di Tufo DOCG and Fiano di Avellino DOCG for whites, along with broader designations like Falanghina del Sannio DOC and various IGT zones that allow for greater stylistic flexibility.

Campania's strength lies in its native grape varieties, particularly the white trio of Fiano, Greco, and Falanghina, each expressing distinct characteristics shaped by volcanic terroir. Fiano produces structured, age-worthy wines with honeyed notes, while Greco offers mineral-driven expressions with citrus and herbal qualities. Falanghina delivers fresh, aromatic wines ranging from crisp coastal styles to more complex inland expressions. The red grape Aglianico, known as the "Barolo of the South," creates powerful, tannic wines in Taurasi that require extended aging to reveal their full complexity.

Campania IGT is an Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) designation covering wines from the Campania region in southern Italy, centered on the Tyrrhenian coast south of Naples. The IGT classification, established in the 1990s, allows producers greater flexibility than the more restrictive Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) system while still maintaining geographic authenticity. Campania's wine history extends back millennia to Greek colonization, though modern quality production has developed substantially over recent decades.

The region's diverse terrain—encompassing volcanic soils around Mount Vesuvius, coastal plains, and inland hills—creates varied microclimates suited to different varieties. Summers are warm and dry with maritime influence tempering extreme heat; winters are mild. Campania's viticultural heritage centers on indigenous grape varieties: Falanghina, a white variety known for mineral character and moderate alcohol, and Aglianico, a red grape capable of producing structured wines with aging potential. Under IGT rules, producers have flexibility in blending and winemaking techniques while remaining bound to the geographic region, resulting in diverse expressions from traditional to contemporary styles.

Wines from Campania IGT typically reflect the region's Mediterranean character. Falanghina-based whites tend toward crisp, mineral profiles with citrus and stone fruit notes, often displaying the salinity associated with coastal proximity. Rosé wines and those made from Aglianico offer greater body and tannin structure. The IGT designation represents the broader quality tier beyond the region's more prestigious DOC zones, offering approachable expressions that showcase Campania's native varieties without the constraints of stricter appellations.