Cognac is a distinctive brandy produced exclusively in the Cognac region of southwestern France, distilled from white wine grapes and aged in oak barrels. The spirit must be made from specific grape varieties, primarily Ugni Blanc, which provides the high acidity and low alcohol content ideal for distillation. After double distillation in traditional copper pot stills, cognac undergoes mandatory aging that determines its classification and character.

The Cognac appellation encompasses six growing areas, with Grande Champagne considered the most prestigious due to its chalky soils that produce grapes with exceptional aging potential. Production follows strict regulations governing everything from grape varieties to distillation methods and aging requirements. The classification system includes VS (aged minimum two years), VSOP (minimum four years), and XO (minimum ten years), though many producers age their spirits significantly longer to develop complexity.

Quality cognac displays a progression from the fruit-forward character of younger expressions to the deep, honeyed complexity found in well-aged bottlings. Established houses like Hennessy, Rémy Martin, Martell, and Courvoisier represent the commercial foundation of the region, while smaller producers such as Delamain, Hine, and Frapin often focus on single-vineyard expressions or extended aging programs that showcase the terroir's influence on the final spirit.