Rosso di Montalcino DOC is a red wine appellation located in the hills surrounding the medieval town of Montalcino in southern Tuscany, Italy. Established in 1984, this denomination covers the same geographic area as the more famous Brunello di Montalcino but operates under different production regulations. The appellation encompasses approximately 3,000 hectares of vineyard land across the commune of Montalcino.

The denomination requires wines to be made entirely from Sangiovese grapes, locally known as Sangiovese Grosso or Brunello. The region's diverse soils range from galestro and alberese limestone to clay and volcanic deposits, while the continental climate features warm summers moderated by altitude and cool nights. Unlike Brunello di Montalcino, Rosso di Montalcino allows for more flexible winemaking approaches, including the use of larger oak vessels or smaller barriques, and requires only one year of aging before release.

Rosso di Montalcino wines typically display the characteristic Sangiovese profile with bright acidity and firm tannins, but often present a more approachable style than their Brunello counterparts. The wines exhibit red cherry and plum flavors complemented by herbal notes, earth, and subtle spice. The shorter aging requirements and more lenient production standards result in wines that showcase the fruit-forward nature of Sangiovese while maintaining the structural backbone that defines Montalcino's terroir.